THE SCOPE OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS TRADE

THE SCOPE OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS TRADE

While general economics theory deals with the problem of single, close economy- international economics deals with the problem of two or more open economics. In particular, international economics deals with the same economic problem as those studied by their international setting. Thus, international economics studies how a number distinct economics interact upon each other in the process of allocating scarce resources to satisfy human wants. Clearly, international economics is more general than the economics of a closed economy. The latter being a special case of international economic where the number of trading countries has been reduced to me. Future, the study of general economic theory dealing with the problem of a closed economy is only first (but necessary) step toward the study of the behavior of a real economy, because there is actually no economy except the world economy.Parallel to the division of economic theory into microeconomics and macroeconomics is the breakdown of international economics and branches; international trade theory (or the pure theory of trade) and international monetary economics. The latter is centered upon the monetary aspects of international monetary relations. It’s approach is mainly macroeconomic in nature , and it particularly deals with the short-run problem of balance-of-payments disequilibrium and adjustment.The subject matter of this book is the pure theory of trade, which, in contrast to international monetary economics, is a long-run, static-equilibrium theory of barter. Here the short-run monetary adjustment process is assumed completed, with money having no influence whatsoever on the nature or position of long-run equilibrium. Its approach is basically microeconomics in nature. Like microeconomics, the pure theory of trade can be divided into two main branches: one branch dealing with problem of positive economics and the other dealing problem of welfare economics. Thus, the analysis of the effect of tee trade on domestic consumption, production, commodity prices, factor rewards, and so on, belongs to what right be called international positive economics. On the other hand, the question of whether free trade is better than restricted or no trade is clearly an issue which belongs to the realm of (international) welfare economics.

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INTRODUCTION OF TRADE

INTRODUCTION OF TRADE

Economics is a social science. Broadly speaking. It is concerned with the use of scarce resources for the satisfaction of human wants.Like other disciplines, economics is divided into several branches and sub-branches; The tow major branches are microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics is the study behavior of individuals and well-defined  groups of individual in the society,Economics is a social science. Broadly speaking. It is concerned with the use of scarce resources for the satisfaction of human wants. Like other disciplines, economics is divided into several branches and sub-branches; The two major branches are microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics is the study behavior of individuals and well-defined  groups of individual in the society, such as households, firms, and industries. On other hand, macroeconomics is the study of broad aggregate, such as national income, employment, consumption, and investment. In a sense, the micro-macro distinction is artificial because the actual decisions about productions, consumption, employment, investment, and so on, are made by the micro-units of the economy. Therefore, the basic principle of economic theory are those which explain the behavior of these micro-units. However, the distinction is justified by the basic differences in the objectives and methods of the two branches. Microeconomics deals primarily with the analysis of price determination and the allocation of specific resource to particular user. On other hand, macroeconomics deals with the determination of the levels of national income and aggregate resource employment. While microeconomics deals with individual prices and their relations to one another, macroeconomics deals only with aggregates price indices. As a result, the relationship between individual units and aggregates is not clear in macroeconomics. Nevertheless, the simplifications introduced by aggregation are quite useful. Despite the great usefulness of microeconomics to an under-standing of the way in which the individual decision-marking unite of the economy fit together to from a coherent whole, it’s practical use in explaining aggregate behavior is severely limited by its enormous complexity. A more practical approach is offered by macroeconomics, which attempts to describe the behavior of the economic system in terms of a few simple aggregate and aims explicitly at influencing public policy.

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